chuck THE WORKSHOP DICTIONARY
Know the words.
Understand the job.
Your A–Z of tools, materials and home improvement terms. From your first shelf to a bigger renovation, find a plain-English explanation before getting started.
A
- Abrasive
- A material used to rub away, smooth, clean or polish a surface. Common examples include sandpaper, sanding discs and abrasive pads.
- Acoustic Insulation
- Material used to reduce the movement of sound through walls, floors and ceilings.
- Acrylic Paint
- A water-based paint containing acrylic resin, commonly used for decorating walls, ceilings, furniture and other surfaces.
- Adhesive
- A substance used to bond two surfaces together, such as wood glue, construction adhesive or tile adhesive.
- Adjustable Spanner
- A hand tool with a movable jaw that allows it to grip nuts and bolts of different sizes.
- Aggregate
- Sand, gravel or crushed stone used in making concrete, mortar and other construction materials.
- Air Brick
- A specially designed brick or ventilation grille that allows airflow into spaces such as suspended timber floors.
- Air Gap
- An intentionally left space that provides ventilation, drainage or separation between building materials.
- Airless Sprayer
- A painting tool that sprays paint at high pressure without using compressed air.
- Aluminium Oxide
- A hard abrasive material commonly found on sandpaper and sanding discs.
- Ampere (Amp)Electrical and Lighting Terms
- A unit used to measure electric current.
- Anchor Bolt
- A fixing used to secure an object to a solid material such as concrete or masonry.
- Angle Grinder
- A handheld power tool fitted with a rotating disc for cutting, grinding or smoothing materials.
- Angle Iron
- An L-shaped metal section used for strengthening, supporting or joining structures.
- Architrave
- Decorative or plain timber, MDF or plastic moulding fitted around doors and sometimes windows.
- AsbestosSafety
- A group of hazardous naturally occurring mineral fibres historically used in numerous building products. Disturbance can release dangerous fibres.
- Auger Bit
- A drill bit designed to bore relatively deep, clean holes through wood.
B
- Backing Board
- A rigid board installed behind another material to provide support, often used behind tiles or wall finishes.
- Ball ValvePlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A valve using a rotating ball with a central opening to control water flow.
- Batten
- A narrow strip of timber or another material used to support, fix or space out building components.
- Beading
- A thin decorative or protective strip used to finish edges and joints.
- Bearing CapacityBuilding and Structural Terms
- The ability of soil or a structural element to support applied loads.
- Belt Sander
- A power tool that uses a continuous loop of abrasive material to remove material from a surface quickly.
- Bevel
- An angled edge that is not cut at 90 degrees to the main surface.
- Biscuit JointCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A woodworking joint using a compressed wooden insert fitted into matching slots.
- Bitumen
- A waterproof, petroleum-based material used in roofing, damp-proofing and protective coatings.
- Bleed ValvePlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A valve used to release trapped air from a radiator or suitable heating component.
- BlisteringDecorating and Painting Terms
- Small raised bubbles that develop in a coating.
- Block PlaneCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A compact hand plane, especially useful for trimming end grain and small edges.
- Blockwork
- Construction using concrete or lightweight building blocks, commonly used for internal and external walls.
- Blown Plaster
- Plaster that has lost its bond with the surface underneath, often sounding hollow when tapped.
- BondingElectrical and Lighting Terms
- Connecting certain conductive parts together to reduce dangerous voltage differences during electrical faults.
- Bonding Plaster
- An undercoat plaster used to build up and level suitable wall surfaces before finishing.
- Borehole
- A hole drilled into the ground, often for investigating soil conditions or accessing groundwater.
- BowingCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- Curvature along the length of a piece of timber.
- Box Level
- A robust type of spirit level with a rectangular box-shaped body.
- Brad Nail
- A small, thin nail used to attach decorative trims and lightweight timber components.
- Brick Bond
- The pattern in which bricks are laid, such as stretcher bond, English bond or Flemish bond.
- Brick Trowel
- A triangular metal tool used to apply and shape mortar when laying bricks.
- Brush MarksDecorating and Painting Terms
- Visible lines or ridges left in paint by brush application.
- Brushless Motor
- An electric motor commonly found in modern power tools, offering efficient operation and reduced maintenance compared with traditional brushed motors.
- Building FoundationBuilding and Structural Terms
- The part of a structure that transfers its loads into the ground.
- Building Regulations
- Legal requirements covering aspects of building work such as structural safety, fire protection, ventilation, insulation and electrical safety.
- Building SandGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A finer sand commonly used in mortar.
- Butt HingeCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A common hinged fitting consisting of two leaves joined by a pin.
- Butt Joint
- A simple joint made by placing the end or edge of one piece of material against another.
C
- Cabinet Hinge
- A mechanical fitting that allows cupboard and cabinet doors to open and close.
- Cable TrunkingElectrical and Lighting Terms
- An enclosure used to contain and protect electrical cables along a route.
- Carbide-Tipped BladeCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A saw blade with hard tungsten carbide cutting tips for improved durability.
- Caulking
- The process of filling small gaps, cracks and joints with a flexible sealant.
- Cavity InsulationBuilding and Structural Terms
- Insulating material installed within a suitable cavity wall.
- Cavity TrayBuilding and Structural Terms
- A waterproof barrier installed within a cavity wall to direct moisture towards drainage openings.
- Cavity WallBuilding and Structural Terms
- A wall formed from two leaves separated by a cavity.
- Cement
- A fine binding powder used with water and aggregates to make mortar and concrete.
- Cement Board
- A rigid building board containing cement, often used as a tile backing or in moisture-resistant construction systems.
- Chalk Line
- A tool that creates long, straight reference lines by snapping a chalk-covered string against a surface.
- Chamfer
- A sloping cut made along the edge or corner of a material.
- Chisel
- A sharp-edged hand tool used to cut, carve or shape wood, stone and other materials.
- CircuitElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A complete electrical path through which current can flow.
- Circuit BreakerElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A protective device designed to interrupt a circuit in specified overcurrent or fault conditions.
- Circular Saw
- A power saw featuring a rotating circular blade, commonly used for making straight cuts in timber and sheet materials.
- Cladding
- A layer of material fitted to the outside or inside of a building for protection, insulation or decoration.
- Clamp
- A device used to hold materials firmly together while cutting, drilling, gluing or assembling.
- Clearance Hole
- A hole drilled large enough for a screw or bolt to pass through without its threads gripping the surrounding material.
- Closeboard FencingGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A fence constructed from vertical overlapping boards supported by rails and posts.
- Coarse Thread
- Screw threading with comparatively wide spacing between the threads, suitable for certain materials and applications.
- Combination Square
- A measuring and marking tool used to check right angles, measure depths and mark parallel lines.
- Competent PersonSafety
- Someone with the necessary skills, knowledge, training and experience to carry out particular work safely and appropriately.
- Composite DeckingGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- Deck boards made from a combination of materials, often wood fibres and polymers.
- Compression FittingPlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A pipe connection that uses a compression nut and olive to create a seal.
- Concealed HingeCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A hinge designed to be hidden when a cabinet or furniture door is closed.
- Concrete
- A building material made from cement, aggregates and water that hardens into a strong, durable mass.
- Concrete Screed
- A layer of material applied to a floor to create a level surface or suitable base for the final flooring.
- ConduitElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A tube or channel used to protect and route electrical wiring.
- Construction Adhesive
- A strong adhesive used to fix building materials such as timber, panels and mouldings.
- Consumer UnitElectrical and Lighting Terms
- The central electrical distribution unit found in UK homes.
- Control JointBuilding and Structural Terms
- A planned joint that helps manage where cracking may occur.
- COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health)Safety
- UK regulations concerning the control of exposure to hazardous substances in workplaces.
- Countersink
- A cone-shaped recess that allows a countersunk screw head to sit flush with or below a surface.
- CoverageDecorating and Painting Terms
- The area that a paint or coating can cover, often expressed in square metres per litre.
- Crosscut
- A cut made across the grain of timber.
- CuppingCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- Curving across the width of a board, where the edges rise or fall relative to the centre.
- Curing
- The process of maintaining suitable conditions while materials such as concrete harden and develop strength.
- Cutting InDecorating and Painting Terms
- Painting carefully along edges, corners, ceilings and trim with a brush before using a roller on larger areas.
D
- Dado JointCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A groove cut across the grain of timber to accept another component.
- Dado Rail
- A decorative horizontal moulding fitted partway up an interior wall.
- Damp PenetrationBuilding and Structural Terms
- The movement of moisture into a building through defects or unsuitable construction details.
- Damp-Proof Course (DPC)
- A barrier within a building wall designed to help prevent moisture rising through masonry.
- Damp-Proof Membrane (DPM)
- A moisture-resistant sheet or barrier used in floors and other construction applications.
- Decking
- A raised or ground-level outdoor surface typically constructed from timber or composite boards.
- Deflection
- The amount by which a structural component bends or moves under a load.
- DegreaserDecorating and Painting Terms
- A cleaning agent formulated to remove oil and grease from surfaces.
- Dehumidifier
- An appliance that removes excess moisture from indoor air.
- Diamond Blade
- A cutting disc with industrial diamond particles, commonly used for cutting tiles, concrete and masonry.
- Dimmer SwitchElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A control that adjusts the light output of a compatible lighting system.
- Dovetail Joint
- A traditional woodworking joint with interlocking, wedge-shaped sections, often used in drawers and furniture.
- Dowel
- A cylindrical wooden or metal pin used to align, reinforce or join materials.
- Drill Driver
- A power tool designed for drilling holes and driving screws.
- Drill Press
- A stationary drilling machine that allows controlled, accurate drilling into materials.
- Drop ClothDecorating and Painting Terms
- A protective sheet used to cover floors, furniture and fittings during decorating.
- Dry Lining
- A method of lining walls or ceilings with plasterboard rather than applying traditional wet plaster directly to masonry.
- Drying TimeDecorating and Painting Terms
- The time required for a product to become dry to a specified stage.
- Drywall
- Another term for plasterboard or the wall system made using it.
- Dust Extraction
- Equipment or a system used to collect dust generated during cutting, sanding and drilling.
- Dust MaskSafety
- A term often used for face coverings or particulate respirators; protection depends on the product's actual classification and fit.
E
- Earth Wire
- A protective electrical conductor providing a path for fault current as part of an electrical safety system.
- EarthingElectrical and Lighting Terms
- The connection of exposed conductive parts or electrical systems to earth through a protective arrangement.
- Eaves
- The lower edges of a roof that extend over or meet the external walls.
- EdgingGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A border used to separate lawns, flowerbeds, paths and other garden areas.
- Efflorescence
- White, powdery salt deposits that sometimes appear on brickwork, concrete and render as moisture evaporates.
- Eggshell FinishDecorating and Painting Terms
- A low-sheen finish commonly used on walls, woodwork or furniture, depending on the product.
- Electrical Consumer Unit
- The main distribution board in a UK domestic electrical installation, containing protective devices for electrical circuits.
- Emulsion Paint
- A water-based paint commonly used on interior walls and ceilings.
- End Grain
- The exposed ends of wood fibres, visible where timber has been cut across its grain.
- Epoxy Resin
- A two-part material that cures into a hard, durable substance used for bonding, coating, filling and repairs.
- Expansion Bolt
- A fixing that expands inside a drilled hole to grip masonry or concrete.
- Expansion Gap
- A deliberately left space that allows materials such as timber, laminate or flooring to expand and contract.
- Expansion JointBuilding and Structural Terms
- A designed gap or joint allowing movement caused by temperature changes or other conditions.
- External Render
- A protective or decorative coating applied to external walls.
- Extractor Fan
- A powered ventilation device that removes moisture, odours and stale air from rooms.
F
- Fascia Board
- A board fitted along the edge of a roof, commonly providing a fixing point for guttering.
- Feather Edge Board
- A tapered timber board often used for fencing and external cladding.
- Featheredge FencingGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- Fencing made from overlapping tapered timber boards.
- Feathering
- A technique used to blend the edge of paint, plaster or filler smoothly into the surrounding surface.
- FFP3 RespiratorSafety
- A high-filtration class of particle-filtering facepiece under relevant European and UK standards, requiring a suitable fit and correct use.
- Filler
- A material used to repair holes, cracks or uneven areas before painting or finishing.
- Finish Coat
- The final layer of plaster, paint or another surface finish.
- Fire-Rated Plasterboard
- Plasterboard designed for use in systems requiring specified levels of fire resistance.
- Flashing
- A waterproof material, often metal, used around roof joints, chimneys and openings to direct water away.
- FlashingDecorating and Painting Terms
- Uneven patches of sheen or colour in a painted surface caused by differences in absorption, application or drying.
- Float
- A flat-faced tool used to smooth plaster, render, concrete and other wet building materials.
- Float ValvePlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A valve operated by a float to control water levels in a cistern or tank.
- Floor Joist
- A horizontal structural member that supports flooring and transfers loads to supporting walls or beams.
- Flow RatePlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- The volume of water moving through a pipe or outlet over a given period, often measured in litres per minute.
- Flush Fit
- A finish in which two components meet level with one another, without one noticeably projecting.
- Flush Trim BitCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A router cutter with a bearing used to trim material flush with a template or adjacent surface.
- Flux
- A chemical compound used in certain soldering processes to help the solder flow and form a joint.
- Folding Rule
- A rigid measuring tool made of hinged sections that fold together for storage.
- French Cleat
- An interlocking mounting system, often using angled timber strips, for hanging cupboards, shelving or other objects.
- French DrainGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A drainage trench, often filled with aggregate and sometimes containing a perforated pipe, designed to collect and redirect water.
- Frog TapeDecorating and Painting Terms
- A brand of painter's masking tape associated with producing clean painted edges.
- Frost Resistance
- A material's ability to withstand freezing and thawing without significant damage.
- FuseElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A protective component designed to interrupt a circuit when current exceeds an appropriate level.
G
- G-Clamp
- A C-shaped metal clamp with a screw mechanism for securing materials.
- Galvanised Steel
- Steel coated with zinc to help protect it against corrosion.
- Gap Filler
- A product used to close small gaps around trim, walls, fittings or building materials.
- Garden Sleeper
- A substantial timber or concrete landscaping element used to create raised beds, edging, steps or retaining features.
- Gasket
- A compressible seal positioned between components to prevent leaks of water, air or other substances.
- Gauge
- A measurement of thickness, size or spacing, depending on the material or application.
- Geotextile Membrane
- A permeable fabric used in landscaping and groundwork for separation, filtering and soil stabilisation.
- Gloss Paint
- A paint that produces a shiny, reflective finish.
- Grain
- The direction, pattern and arrangement of fibres within timber.
- Gravel BoardGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A board fitted along the bottom of a fence to separate fence panels from soil and reduce ground contact.
- Grout
- A material used to fill the joints between tiles.
- Grout Float
- A tool with a rubber base used to spread grout across tiled surfaces and into joints.
- Gutter
- A channel installed along roof edges to collect and direct rainwater into downpipes.
- Guttering Bracket
- A support fitting that secures a gutter to a building.
H
- Hacksaw
- A fine-toothed saw commonly used for cutting metal, plastic and small pipes.
- Hairline CrackBuilding and Structural Terms
- A very narrow crack that may appear in plaster, masonry or other finishes.
- Hammer Drill
- A drill that combines rotation with a hammering action to drill into suitable masonry materials.
- Hard LandscapingGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- Outdoor construction work involving patios, walls, paths, decking and other fixed features.
- Hardboard
- A dense, thin fibreboard often used for furniture backs, floor underlay and protective coverings.
- Hardwood
- Timber from broadleaved trees such as oak, ash or beech. Hardwood is a botanical classification rather than a guarantee of hardness.
- Headroom
- The vertical clearance available above a floor, staircase or walkway.
- Heat Gun
- A power tool that blows hot air for applications such as paint stripping, heat-shrinking and softening certain adhesives.
- Herringbone Pattern
- A decorative arrangement of rectangular pieces in a staggered, zigzag layout, commonly used for flooring and tiles.
- Hinge Jig
- A template or guide used for accurately cutting or drilling hinge positions.
- Hole Saw
- A circular cutting attachment used with a drill to create large-diameter holes.
- Hollow Wall Anchor
- A fixing designed to hold objects in hollow walls, such as plasterboard partitions.
- Hot Water Cylinder
- A storage vessel used to hold heated domestic water.
- Humidity
- The amount of water vapour present in the air.
- Hydraulic Lime
- A type of lime binder that sets through a reaction with water and is used in suitable mortars and renders.
I
- Impact Driver
- A power tool that uses rotational impacts to drive screws and other fasteners with high torque.
- Impact Wrench
- A powered tool designed to tighten or loosen nuts and bolts using repeated rotational impacts.
- Impermeable Membrane
- A barrier designed to prevent or greatly reduce the passage of water or another substance.
- Insulation
- Material used to reduce heat transfer or, in certain applications, sound transmission.
- Insulation Board
- A rigid panel used to improve thermal performance in walls, roofs or floors.
- Intumescent Strip
- A strip containing material that expands when exposed to heat, commonly used within fire-door systems.
- IP RatingElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A classification describing the level of protection an enclosure provides against solid objects and water ingress.
- Isolation Valve
- A valve used to shut off the water supply to a particular pipe, appliance or fitting.
- Isolator Switch
- A switch or electrical device designed to disconnect equipment or a circuit from its power supply.
J
- Jigsaw
- A power saw with a narrow reciprocating blade for cutting curves, shapes and straight lines.
- Joint Compound
- A finishing material used to cover and smooth plasterboard joints and fixings.
- Jointing CompoundGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A product used to fill joints between paving slabs or blocks.
- Jointing Tape
- Tape applied over plasterboard joints to help strengthen the finished joint and reduce cracking.
- Joist
- A horizontal structural member used to support floors or ceilings.
- Joist Hanger
- A metal bracket designed to support the end of a joist.
- Jubilee Clip
- A common name for a worm-drive hose clamp used to secure flexible hoses around fittings.
- Junction Box
- An enclosure used to contain and protect electrical connections.
K
- Kerb Appeal
- The attractiveness of a property when viewed from outside, particularly from the street.
- Kerf
- The width of material removed by a saw blade during cutting.
- Keyed Surface
- A surface prepared to improve adhesion, often by roughening, scratching or applying a suitable bonding treatment.
- Keyhole Bracket
- A fixing with a keyhole-shaped opening that allows an item to hang from a screw head.
- KickbackSafety
- A sudden, forceful movement of a power tool or workpiece, often caused by blade binding or loss of control.
- Kiln-Dried Timber
- Wood that has been dried in a controlled kiln to reduce its moisture content.
- Kilowatt-Hour (kWh)Electrical and Lighting Terms
- A unit of energy equivalent to using one kilowatt of power for one hour.
- Knot
- A natural feature in timber formed where a branch once grew.
- Knotting Solution
- A sealing product used on suitable timber knots to help reduce resin staining through paint.
L
- Laminate Flooring
- A layered flooring product with a decorative surface designed to resemble timber, stone or other materials.
- Laser Level
- A tool that projects horizontal, vertical or other reference lines for alignment and levelling.
- Latex Levelling Compound
- A flooring preparation compound, sometimes latex-modified, used to smooth or level suitable subfloors.
- Lead Flashing
- A type of roof flashing made from lead sheet, used to weatherproof roof junctions and other details.
- Lead PaintSafety
- Paint containing lead compounds, potentially present on older painted surfaces and requiring appropriate precautions before disturbance.
- LED (Light Emitting Diode)Electrical and Lighting Terms
- A semiconductor light source widely used for energy-efficient lighting.
- Lintel
- A structural component positioned above a door, window or other opening to support the construction above it.
- Lintel BearingBuilding and Structural Terms
- The length or area over which a lintel rests on its supporting structure.
- Load-Bearing Wall
- A wall that supports structural loads from floors, roofs or other parts of a building.
- Lock-Off ProcedureSafety
- A method of securely isolating energy sources and preventing equipment from being accidentally re-energised during work.
- Locking Pliers
- Adjustable pliers designed to clamp onto an object and remain locked in position.
- Loft Insulation
- Insulating material installed in a roof space to reduce heat loss.
- Low-VOC Paint
- Paint formulated to contain relatively low levels of volatile organic compounds, although actual emissions depend on the product.
- LumensElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A measure of the total visible light emitted by a light source.
- Lump Hammer
- A short-handled, heavy hammer commonly used with masonry chisels and for light demolition.
- LuxElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A measure of illuminance, describing how much light reaches a surface.
M
- MaceratorPlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A powered device that breaks down toilet waste or certain other wastewater solids to enable discharge through smaller pipework.
- Manual HandlingSafety
- Lifting, carrying, pushing or moving loads by hand or bodily force.
- Masonry
- Building work or structures made from materials such as bricks, stone and concrete blocks.
- Masonry Bit
- A drill bit designed for drilling masonry, often with a carbide-tipped cutting end.
- MDF (Medium-Density Fibreboard)
- An engineered wood sheet made from compressed wood fibres bonded with resin.
- Mist CoatDecorating and Painting Terms
- An initial coat of suitably diluted paint applied to new, fully dry plaster according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Mitre Joint
- A joint formed by cutting two pieces at matching angles, commonly 45 degrees to create a 90-degree corner.
- Mitre Saw
- A saw designed to make precise crosscuts and angled cuts in timber and suitable other materials.
- Mixer TapPlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A tap that combines hot and cold water to deliver water at a selected temperature.
- Moisture Meter
- A measuring tool used to assess moisture levels in timber or other materials, depending on the meter type.
- Monobloc TapPlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A tap design fitted through a single mounting hole or using a single main body.
- Mortar
- A mixture of binder, sand and water used to bond bricks, blocks and stones.
- Mortar Joint
- The layer of mortar between masonry units.
- Mortice
- A recess cut into timber to receive a matching tenon or a lock mechanism.
- Mortice and Tenon Joint
- A strong traditional woodworking joint made by inserting a projecting tenon into a corresponding mortice.
- MOT Type 1Gardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A common name for a specified grade of granular sub-base material used in groundwork and paving.
- Multi-Tool
- A versatile powered tool, often using oscillation, fitted with interchangeable accessories for cutting, scraping and sanding.
- Muntin
- A narrow strip separating panes or sections of glazing in certain window designs.
N
- Nail Gun
- A powered tool that drives nails into suitable materials using compressed air, gas or electricity.
- Natural Stone
- Stone materials such as slate, limestone, granite and sandstone used in construction and finishes.
- Newel Post
- A substantial upright post that supports or anchors a staircase handrail and balustrade.
- Noggin
- A short horizontal piece of timber fitted between joists or studs to provide support, stiffening or a fixing point.
- Non-Return Valve
- A valve that allows fluid to flow in one direction while preventing reverse flow.
- Notching
- Cutting a recess from a piece of timber or another material to accommodate a component or joint.
- Nozzle
- A shaped outlet that controls the flow or spray pattern of liquids, gases or other materials.
O
- Oil-Based Paint
- Paint that uses an oil-based or solvent-borne binder system, often selected for certain durable finishes.
- OlivePlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A small metal ring used in compression fittings to help form a watertight seal.
- OpacityDecorating and Painting Terms
- A paint's ability to hide the surface or colour underneath.
- Open Grain
- A timber surface with relatively large or visible pores, such as oak or ash.
- Orange PeelDecorating and Painting Terms
- A textured paint finish resembling the surface of an orange, often associated with spray application.
- Orbital Sander
- A powered sanding tool that moves its abrasive pad in small orbital motions.
- OSB (Oriented Strand Board)
- An engineered wood panel made from layers of compressed, bonded wood strands, commonly used in structural sheathing and flooring.
- Overboarding
- Installing a new layer of board over an existing surface, such as fitting plasterboard over an existing ceiling where appropriate.
- Overflow Pipe
- A pipe that carries excess water away from a tank, cistern or other container.
P
- Paint BloomDecorating and Painting Terms
- A dull, cloudy or whitish appearance that may develop in certain paint finishes.
- Paint Primer
- A preparatory coating applied to help paint adhere and to improve the performance of subsequent coats.
- Paint ScraperDecorating and Painting Terms
- A hand tool with a rigid blade for removing loose coatings or residues.
- Paint SheenDecorating and Painting Terms
- The degree to which a painted surface reflects light.
- Paint Undercoat
- A coating applied before a finishing paint to help achieve an even appearance and suitable base.
- Parapet WallBuilding and Structural Terms
- A low wall extending above the edge of a roof or other structure.
- Parging
- Applying a coat of mortar or plaster to masonry, usually to improve surface uniformity or provide protection.
- Particleboard
- An engineered wood panel made from bonded wood particles, commonly used for furniture and flooring.
- Party WallBuilding and Structural Terms
- A wall or other structure shared by adjoining properties, with particular legal significance in certain circumstances.
- Patress Box
- An electrical mounting box used to house a socket, switch or other accessory.
- Paving Slab
- A flat concrete, stone or porcelain unit used to create patios, paths and other outdoor surfaces.
- Peeling PaintDecorating and Painting Terms
- Paint that lifts or separates from the underlying surface.
- Permeable PavingGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A paving system designed to allow surface water to pass through or between the paving elements into a suitable drainage structure.
- Permitted DevelopmentBuilding and Structural Terms
- Certain categories of development that may be carried out without a separate planning application, subject to conditions and limitations.
- Pex Pipe
- Flexible cross-linked polyethylene pipe used in suitable plumbing and heating systems.
- Pilot Hole
- A small hole drilled before inserting a screw to guide it and help prevent material splitting.
- Pipe Cutter
- A tool used to cut pipes cleanly, commonly available for copper and plastic pipe.
- Pipe Lagging
- Insulating material fitted around pipes to reduce heat loss, condensation or freezing risks.
- PlanerCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A tool used to flatten or reduce the thickness of timber surfaces.
- Planning PermissionBuilding and Structural Terms
- Formal consent required for certain developments or changes to land and buildings.
- Plaster Skim
- A thin final coat of plaster used to create a smooth surface ready for decoration after suitable preparation and drying.
- Plasterboard
- A sheet building material with a gypsum core, commonly used for internal walls and ceilings.
- Plumb
- Perfectly vertical, commonly checked with a spirit level or plumb line.
- Plumb Bob
- A pointed weight suspended from a string to establish a true vertical line.
- Plumbing Trap
- A pipe fitting that retains a water seal to help prevent sewer gases entering a room.
- Plywood
- An engineered wood panel made from thin layers of wood veneer bonded together.
- Pocket HoleCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- An angled drilled hole that allows a screw to join two pieces of timber.
- Pocket Hole JigCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A guide that helps drill pocket holes at the correct angle and position.
- Pointed Fence PostGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A fence post shaped at one end for driving into suitable ground, subject to the fencing system.
- Pointing
- Applying or renewing the exposed mortar joints between bricks or stones.
- Polyurethane Foam
- A material used in products such as expanding foam, rigid insulation boards and certain adhesives.
- Porcelain PavingGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- Exterior paving manufactured from dense fired ceramic material, usually with low water absorption.
- PostcreteGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A commonly used trade name for rapid-setting concrete products designed for securing posts.
- PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)Safety
- Equipment worn to reduce exposure to hazards, such as safety glasses, gloves, hearing protection and suitable respiratory protection.
- Pressure-Treated Timber
- Timber treated with preservative under pressure to improve resistance to biological deterioration for specified applications.
- Primer Sealer
- A preparatory coating designed to seal porous or problematic surfaces before decoration.
- Push-Fit FittingPlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A fitting designed to connect compatible pipe without soldering, using an internal gripping and sealing system.
- PVA (Polyvinyl Acetate)
- A polymer commonly used in wood glues and some building and decorating products.
Q
- Quadrant Moulding
- A quarter-round decorative trim used to finish corners, edges and gaps.
- Quarter-Turn Valve
- A valve that typically moves between open and closed positions with a 90-degree turn.
- Quick-Grip Clamp
- A clamp designed for rapid, often one-handed adjustment and tightening.
- Quoin
- A building's external corner or the specially formed stones or bricks used to emphasise or construct it.
R
- Rabbet or RebateCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A rectangular recess cut along the edge of timber or another material.
- Radial CircuitElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A wiring arrangement in which a circuit runs outward from its protective device without forming a ring.
- Raft FoundationBuilding and Structural Terms
- A broad foundation slab designed to distribute building loads across a larger ground area.
- Rafter
- A sloping structural timber that forms part of a pitched roof and supports the roof covering system.
- Raised BedGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- An elevated planting area constructed above the surrounding ground level.
- Rawlplug
- A commonly used brand name often applied generically to plastic wall plugs.
- RCD (Residual Current Device)
- An electrical protective device that disconnects a circuit when it detects a specified imbalance between outgoing and returning current.
- Rebar
- Steel reinforcement bar used within concrete to improve its resistance to tensile forces.
- Recess
- An indentation or hollow formed within a wall, material or component.
- Reciprocating Saw
- A power saw with a blade that moves backwards and forwards, commonly used for demolition and cutting in confined spaces.
- Recoat TimeDecorating and Painting Terms
- The minimum period recommended before applying another coat of paint or finish.
- Render
- A cement-based, lime-based or other suitable coating applied to walls, particularly exterior masonry.
- Repointing
- Removing deteriorated mortar from masonry joints and replacing it with suitable fresh mortar.
- Resin Anchor
- A fixing system that uses a chemical resin to bond threaded studs or reinforcement into drilled holes.
- Ridge Tile
- A tile or fitting used to cover and weatherproof the highest junction of a pitched roof.
- Ring Final CircuitElectrical and Lighting Terms
- A circuit arrangement commonly used in UK socket installations in which the conductors form a ring back to the consumer unit.
- Rip Cut
- A cut made along the grain of a piece of timber.
- Rising Damp
- Moisture moving upwards through porous building materials by capillary action.
- Risk AssessmentSafety
- The process of identifying hazards, evaluating associated risks and deciding suitable precautions.
- Roller StippleDecorating and Painting Terms
- A fine texture created on painted surfaces by the roller sleeve.
- Router
- A power tool used with rotating cutters to create grooves, profiles, rebates and decorative edges in timber.
- RPE (Respiratory Protective Equipment)Safety
- Masks and respirators designed to help protect against specified airborne hazards when correctly selected, fitted and used.
- RSJ (Rolled Steel Joist)
- A traditional term often used to describe a steel beam, particularly one installed for structural support.
- Rubble Sack
- A heavy-duty bag used to collect and transport building waste and small quantities of rubble.
S
- Safe Working Load (SWL)Safety
- A stated load limit associated with certain equipment, often referred to using the more modern term Working Load Limit (WLL).
- Sanding Block
- A block used to support sandpaper and distribute sanding pressure evenly.
- Sanding GritCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A rating describing the size of abrasive particles. Lower grit numbers are generally coarser.
- Sandpaper
- Abrasive paper or backing material used to smooth, shape and prepare surfaces.
- Satin Finish
- A paint or coating finish with a moderate, soft sheen between matt and gloss.
- Scaffold Board
- A robust timber or engineered board manufactured for use as a working platform in suitable scaffolding systems.
- Screed
- A layer of floor material used to create a smooth, level or specified surface before the final floor finish is installed.
- Scribe
- To mark or cut a material so that it follows the irregular shape or contour of another surface.
- Sealant
- A flexible or rigid compound used to close joints and prevent the passage of air, moisture or contaminants.
- Self-Levelling Compound
- A flowable floor preparation product designed to create a flat, even surface when correctly installed.
- SettlementBuilding and Structural Terms
- Movement of a building caused by compression or adjustment of the ground or foundation support.
- Sharp SandGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A coarse sand often used in suitable mortar mixes, paving bedding and other building applications.
- Shower Tray Riser KitPlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A support system that raises a shower tray above floor level, often to accommodate waste pipework.
- Silicone Sealant
- A flexible, water-resistant sealant commonly used around baths, showers, sinks and other joints.
- Skim Coat
- A thin finishing layer of plaster or another surface preparation compound.
- Skirting Board
- A decorative and protective board fitted at the base of an interior wall.
- Slate
- A natural stone used in roofing, flooring and external paving.
- Soffit
- The underside of a roof overhang or other projecting architectural feature.
- Soft LandscapingGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- Gardening work involving planting, turf, soil and other living landscape elements.
- Softwood
- Timber from coniferous trees such as pine, spruce or fir.
- Soil PipePlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A pipe that conveys wastewater containing toilet discharge to the drainage system.
- Solvent Welding
- A process in which a suitable solvent-based product chemically joins compatible plastic pipe and fittings.
- Spackle
- A term, more common in North America, for a paste-like filling compound used to repair minor surface defects.
- Spirit Level
- A tool containing liquid-filled vials used to check whether surfaces are horizontal, vertical or at a specified angle.
- Splice Joint
- A joint used to connect two pieces of material end to end.
- Stack PipePlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A vertical drainage pipe serving one or more sanitary appliances.
- Stain Block
- A coating designed to stop stains such as nicotine, soot or water marks from showing through subsequent decoration.
- StopcockPlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A valve used to turn off the main water supply to a property or section of pipework.
- Strip FoundationBuilding and Structural Terms
- A continuous foundation supporting a line of walls or other structural loads.
- Structural CrackBuilding and Structural Terms
- A crack associated with structural movement or distress, requiring assessment of its cause and significance.
- Stud Wall
- A framed partition wall usually constructed with timber or metal studs and lined with plasterboard or other panels.
- Sub-BaseGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A compacted layer of suitable aggregate beneath paving or other surfaces that provides support.
- Subfloor
- The structural or supporting floor layer beneath the final floor covering.
- SubsidenceBuilding and Structural Terms
- Downward movement of the ground beneath a building, potentially causing structural damage.
- Sugar SoapDecorating and Painting Terms
- A cleaning product used to remove grease, grime and contaminants before decorating.
- Surface Preparation
- Cleaning, repairing, sanding, priming or otherwise treating a surface before applying a finish.
T
- T&G (Tongue and Groove)
- An interlocking joint system in which a projecting tongue on one board fits into a groove on another.
- Tanking
- A method of applying a waterproof barrier to prevent moisture passing through walls or floors.
- Tanking KitPlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A collection of waterproofing products used to protect suitable walls and floors, often around showers and wet rooms.
- Tape Measure
- A flexible measuring tool commonly used to measure lengths, widths and distances.
- Tapered Edge Plasterboard
- Plasterboard with recessed long edges designed to accommodate jointing tape and compound.
- Tear-OutCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- Unwanted splitting or lifting of timber fibres during machining or cutting.
- Tensile Strength
- A material's ability to withstand pulling forces without failure.
- Thermal Bridge
- An area of a building where heat transfers more readily through the construction, potentially reducing energy efficiency.
- Thermal Insulation
- Material that reduces heat transfer between areas at different temperatures.
- ThicknesserCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- A woodworking machine that produces boards of consistent thickness.
- Tile Adhesive
- A bonding compound formulated to attach tiles to suitable surfaces.
- Tile Nipper
- A hand tool used to remove small pieces from tiles to create shapes and irregular cuts.
- Tile Spacer
- A small temporary device used to maintain consistent joint widths between tiles.
- Timber Stud
- A vertical timber member used within a framed wall.
- Toggle Fixing
- A hollow-wall fixing that uses a folding or expanding mechanism to provide support behind a board.
- Tongue and Groove Flooring
- Flooring boards designed to interlock along their edges.
- Torpedo Level
- A compact spirit level suitable for checking smaller components and working in confined spaces.
- Torque
- A rotational force, commonly associated with tightening fixings or the turning force of power tools.
- TrellisGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A framework, often made from timber or metal, used to support climbing plants or provide decorative screening.
- Trowel
- A hand tool used for applying, spreading or shaping mortar, plaster and adhesives.
- Truss
- An engineered structural framework, commonly used in roofs to distribute loads.
- TRV (Thermostatic Radiator Valve)Plumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A radiator valve that automatically adjusts water flow in response to the surrounding temperature.
- Try Square
- A woodworking tool used for checking and marking 90-degree angles.
- TwistingCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- Distortion in which a piece of timber rotates unevenly along its length.
- Two-Way SwitchingElectrical and Lighting Terms
- An arrangement that allows a light or lighting circuit to be controlled from two locations.
U
- U-Value
- A measure of the rate of heat transfer through a building element. Lower U-values generally indicate better thermal insulation performance.
- Undercoat
- A preparatory coating applied before the final paint finish.
- Underfloor Heating
- A heating system installed beneath a floor surface that distributes heat into a room.
- Underlay
- A supporting or cushioning layer installed beneath flooring or another finish.
- Universal Joint
- A mechanical connection that allows rotational movement between shafts positioned at different angles.
- UPVC (Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride)
- A rigid plastic material widely used for windows, doors, fascia boards, guttering and pipework.
V
- Valley Gutter
- A channel formed where two roof slopes meet, designed to collect and direct rainwater away.
- Vapour Barrier
- A material designed to restrict water vapour movement through part of a building structure.
- Vapour Control Layer (VCL)
- A layer designed to control the movement of water vapour through a building element and reduce condensation risks.
- Varnish
- A transparent or translucent protective coating used on timber and certain other surfaces.
- Veneer
- A thin layer of natural wood or another decorative material bonded to a supporting substrate.
- Ventilation
- The movement and replacement of indoor air to manage moisture, pollutants, odours and air quality.
- Vinyl Flooring
- A resilient synthetic floor covering supplied in sheets, tiles or planks.
- VOC (Volatile Organic Compound)
- An organic chemical that can evaporate into the air from certain paints, adhesives, finishes and other products.
- Voltage
- The electrical potential difference between two points, measured in volts.
W
- Wall Anchor
- A fixing used to securely attach items to walls, particularly where ordinary screws alone are unsuitable.
- Wall Plug
- A fixing inserted into a drilled hole to provide grip for a screw.
- Wall TieBuilding and Structural Terms
- A metal or other approved fixing connecting the leaves of a cavity wall.
- Wallpaper Paste
- An adhesive formulated for attaching wallpaper to prepared walls.
- Wallpaper Steamer
- A tool that uses steam to soften wallpaper adhesive, helping with wallpaper removal.
- WarpingCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- Distortion of timber or wood-based material, including bowing, cupping and twisting.
- Washers
- Thin discs placed beneath nuts or bolt heads to distribute pressure or perform other functions.
- Waste PipePlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A pipe carrying used water from sinks, baths, showers or appliances to the drainage system.
- Water HammerPlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- A pressure surge or knocking noise in pipework caused by a sudden change in water flow.
- Water PressurePlumbing and Bathroom Terms
- The force exerted by water within a supply system, commonly measured in bar.
- Waterproofing Membrane
- A sheet or liquid-applied layer designed to prevent water from penetrating a construction element.
- WattElectrical and Lighting Terms
- The unit of electrical power.
- Weed MembraneGardening, Fencing and Landscaping Terms
- A permeable or impermeable landscaping layer intended to suppress weed growth, depending on the product and installation.
- Weep Hole
- A small opening in masonry or another structure that allows trapped water to drain or provides ventilation.
- Wet Rot
- Fungal decay of timber that develops where moisture conditions are sufficiently high.
- Wood Filler
- A compound used to repair minor holes, dents and imperfections in timber.
- Wood GlueCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- An adhesive specifically formulated for bonding timber.
- Wood MovementCarpentry and Woodworking Terms
- Expansion and contraction of timber caused mainly by changes in moisture content.
- Wood Preservative
- A treatment designed to protect timber against specified forms of deterioration, such as fungal decay or insect attack.
- Wood Stain
- A colouring treatment that changes the appearance of wood while allowing some or all of its natural grain to remain visible.
- Workability
- How easily a construction material, such as fresh mortar or concrete, can be mixed, placed, shaped and finished.
- Working at HeightSafety
- Work carried out where a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury.
- Worktop Jig
- A guide used with a router to create accurate cuts and joints in kitchen worktops.
- Worktop Upstand
- A short vertical strip fitted along the back edge of a worktop to protect and finish the junction with the wall.
X
- X-Bracing
- Diagonal structural bracing arranged in an X shape to improve stability and resistance to sideways movement.
- XPS (Extruded Polystyrene)
- A rigid closed-cell foam insulation material commonly used where moisture resistance and compressive strength are important.
Y
- Y-Connector
- A plumbing or hose fitting that divides or joins a flow path using a Y-shaped arrangement.
- Yard
- An imperial unit of length equal to three feet, sometimes used for measuring materials, especially in older instructions.
- Yield Strength
- The stress level at which a material begins to undergo permanent deformation.
Z
- Z-Bracket
- A Z-shaped metal fitting used for mounting, securing or joining components.
- Zinc Coating
- A protective layer of zinc applied to metals, especially steel, to reduce corrosion.
- Zinc-Plated Screws
- Screws with a thin zinc coating that offers a degree of corrosion protection, generally best suited to environments appropriate to the specific coating.
THE SHORT VERSION
Common DIY abbreviations.
- AC
- Alternating Current
- DC
- Direct Current
- DPC
- Damp-Proof Course
- DPM
- Damp-Proof Membrane
- EPDM
- Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer
- EPS
- Expanded Polystyrene
- GRP
- Glass-Reinforced Plastic
- HVAC
- Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
- IP
- Ingress Protection
- LED
- Light Emitting Diode
- MDF
- Medium-Density Fibreboard
- OSB
- Oriented Strand Board
- PEX
- Cross-Linked Polyethylene
- PIR
- Polyisocyanurate
- PPE
- Personal Protective Equipment
- PVA
- Polyvinyl Acetate
- PVC
- Polyvinyl Chloride
- RCD
- Residual Current Device
- RPE
- Respiratory Protective Equipment
- RSJ
- Rolled Steel Joist
- SDS
- Slotted Drive System, commonly associated with rotary hammer drill fittings
- SWA
- Steel Wire Armoured
- T&G
- Tongue and Groove
- TRV
- Thermostatic Radiator Valve
- UPVC
- Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride
- VCL
- Vapour Control Layer
- VOC
- Volatile Organic Compound
- XPS
- Extruded Polystyrene
GOOD QUESTIONS
A few things worth knowing.
More questions? Visit the knowledge-base FAQs →
What does DIY stand for?
DIY stands for Do It Yourself. It describes building, repairing, maintaining, decorating or improving something without relying entirely on a professional tradesperson.
What's the difference between DIY and home improvement?
DIY refers to carrying out work yourself, whereas home improvement describes making changes that improve a property's appearance, comfort, condition or functionality. Many home improvement projects are DIY tasks, but some require professional expertise.
What basic tools should a DIY beginner own?
A good beginner's toolkit typically includes a tape measure, claw hammer, screwdrivers, spirit level, combination pliers, adjustable spanner, utility knife, suitable hand saw and drill driver. Protective equipment is also important.
What is the difference between a screw and a bolt?
A screw typically has a threaded shaft that engages directly with a material or threaded hole. A bolt is commonly used with a nut or a threaded component to fasten parts together, although terminology and designs can overlap.
What is the difference between cement, mortar and concrete?
Cement is a binding ingredient. Mortar generally combines a binder such as cement or lime with sand and water and is used for masonry work. Concrete combines cement, aggregates and water and is used for structural and other construction applications.
What's the difference between an impact driver and a drill driver?
A drill driver is intended for drilling holes and driving screws. An impact driver uses repeated rotational impacts to help drive fasteners requiring greater turning force.
What is the difference between plaster and plasterboard?
Plaster is a material applied wet to create a wall or ceiling finish. Plasterboard is a manufactured sheet material that forms a wall or ceiling lining, which may then receive jointing treatment or a plaster skim.
What does load-bearing mean?
Load-bearing means a building component supports weight or structural forces from other parts of the building. Altering or removing a load-bearing element can affect structural stability and requires appropriate professional assessment.
Is every DIY task suitable for beginners?
No. Many decorating, basic maintenance and simple assembly tasks are accessible to beginners, but structural alterations, gas work and certain electrical, plumbing and roofing tasks require specialist competence or professional involvement. UK rules and approval requirements vary according to the work and location.